Dysplastic nevus - Nevus Ya Dysplastichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysplastic_nevus
Nevus Ya Dysplastic (Dysplastic nevus) ni nevu ambayo mwonekano wake ni tofauti na ule wa nevi ya kawaida. Dysplastic nevi mara nyingi hukua na kuwa kubwa kuliko nevi ya kawaida na inaweza kuwa na mipaka isiyo ya kawaida na isiyoonekana. Dysplastic nevi inaweza kupatikana popote, lakini ni ya kawaida kwenye shina kwa wanaume, na upande wa nyuma wa mguu wa chini kwa wanawake.

○ hatari ya saratani
Kama inavyoonekana kwa watu wa Caucasia nchini Marekani, wale walio na dysplastic nevi wana hatari ya maisha yote ya kuendeleza melanoma ya zaidi ya 10%. Kwa upande mwingine, wale ambao hawana nevus ya dysplastic wana hatari ya kuendeleza melanoma ya chini ya 1%.

○ Tahadhari kwa watu binafsi wenye dysplastic nevi
Kujichunguza kwa ngozi kwa kawaida kunapendekezwa ili kuzuia melanoma (kwa kutambua nevi isiyo ya kawaida ambayo inaweza kuondolewa) au kwa kugundua mapema uvimbe uliopo. Watu walio na historia ya kibinafsi au ya familia ya saratani ya ngozi au nevi nyingi zisizo za kawaida wanapaswa kuona daktari wa ngozi angalau mara moja kwa mwaka ili kuhakikisha kuwa hawapati melanoma.

Ufupisho [ABCDE] umekuwa muhimu kwa kusaidia watoa huduma za afya na watu wa kawaida kukumbuka sifa kuu za melanoma. Kwa bahati mbaya kwa mtu wa kawaida, keratosi nyingi za seborrheic, baadhi ya lentigo senilis, na hata warts zinaweza kuwa na sifa za [ABCDE], na haziwezi kutofautishwa na melanoma.

○ [ABCDE]
Asymmetrical: Kidonda cha ngozi kisicho na usawa.
Border: Mpaka wa kidonda ni wa kawaida.
Color: melanoma huwa na rangi nyingi zisizo za kawaida.
Diameter: nevi kubwa kuliko 6 mm zina uwezekano mkubwa wa kuwa melanoma kuliko nevi ndogo.
Evolution: Mabadiliko (yaani mabadiliko) ya nevus au kidonda yanaweza kuonyesha kuwa kidonda kinazidi kuwa mbaya.

☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Dysplastic nevi ― Biopsy inapendekezwa kwa watu wa Magharibi.
  • Umbo lisilolinganishwa na ukingo wa kidonda ukungu huonyesha uwezekano wa Nevus Ya Dysplastic (Dysplastic nevus). Lakini rangi na saizi ziko ndani ya safu ya kawaida. Biopsy inahitajika kwa uthibitisho.
  • Umbo lisilo la kawaida linalingana na vigezo vya sheria ya ABCD (asymmetry), lakini uamuzi unaweza kutofautiana kati ya wakadiriaji.
References Dysplastic Nevi 29489189 
NIH
Dysplastic nevus , pia inajulikana kama atypical au Clarks nevus, imezua mijadala katika ugonjwa wa ngozi na ngozi. Madaktari mara nyingi huchunguza moles hizi kwa sababu zinaweza kuonekana zisizo za kawaida na kuongeza wasiwasi kuhusu melanoma.
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
 Publication Trends and Hot Topics in Dysplastic Nevus Research: A 30-Year Bibliometric Analysis 37992349 
NIH
Dysplastic nevi , pia inajulikana kama atypical au Clark nevi, wakati mwingine inaweza kusababisha melanoma. Takriban 36% ya melanoma hupatikana karibu na dysplastic nevi. Dalili kwamba nevus ya dysplastic inaweza kugeuka kuwa melanoma ni pamoja na umbo lisilosawazisha, mabadiliko zaidi ya rangi, au rangi ya kijivu. Saratani hizi kwa kawaida hutokea katika umri mdogo (karibu katikati ya miaka thelathini) , zinaweza kuwa nyingi, na mara nyingi huwa kwenye shina. Kinasaba, dysplastic nevi ziko kati ya nevi mbaya na melanoma. Hata hivyo, ni asilimia 20 hadi 30 pekee ya melanoma hutoka kwenye nevi iliyopo. Kwa kuwa nevi nyingi haziwi melanoma, kwa kawaida haipendekezwi kuziondoa kwa njia ya kuzuia.
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
 Malignant Melanoma 29262210 
NIH
Melanoma ni aina ya uvimbe ambayo huunda wakati melanocytes, seli zinazohusika na rangi ya ngozi, kuwa na saratani. Melanocytes hutoka kwa neural crest. Hii ina maana kwamba melanomas inaweza kukua sio tu kwenye ngozi lakini pia katika maeneo mengine ambapo seli za neural crest huhamia, kama vile njia ya utumbo na ubongo. Kiwango cha kuishi kwa wagonjwa walio na melanoma ya hatua ya awali (hatua ya 0) ni ya juu kwa 97%, wakati inapungua kwa kiasi kikubwa hadi karibu 10% kwa wale waliogunduliwa na ugonjwa wa hatua ya juu (hatua ya IV) .
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.